New homes should be banned from connecting to the gas grid within six years to tackle climate change, UK government advisers say.

They want new-build homes in the countryside to be warmed by heat pumps - and cooking done on induction hobs, rather than using gas boilers and hobs.

In cities, new housing estates and flats should be kept warm by networks of hot water, says the report.

The water could be heated by waste heat from industry.

An alternative approach is to use heat pumps, which draw warmth from the sea or lakes; or burn gas from waste.

The report, from the independent Committee on Climate Change, recommends these changes are made to new homes at first because it's much more economical that way. They say it costs £4,800 to install low-carbon heating in a new home, but £26,300 in an existing house.

What's more, these systems will only work if homes are insulated to the highest standards so they need little heating.

It's the committee's job to lay down a pathway for the UK to meet its targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 (on 1990 levels).

They are dismayed that emissions from housing suddenly increased last year, when they should be going down.

The housing emissions mainly came from heating boilers - a little-discussed source of greenhouse gases.

The committee says that to meet climate targets, all homes in future will have to virtually eliminate emissions.

The government said it's committed to investing £6bn to improve the energy efficiency of lower income and vulnerable households in a decade.

How big is the problem?
Some 14% of UK greenhouse gas emissions come from our homes, but little's being done to reduce them.

The committee's spokesperson Prof Julia King told us: "This generation of home-owners is cheating its children by leaving homes which are completely inadequate for an age of climate change.

"They're too cold in winter and increasingly, as the climate continues to warm, they are going to become too hot in the summer."

What's more, she said, many new homes don't even meet building standards because they are poorly constructed.

"These poorly-built new homes are going to need to be retro-fitted (re-insulated) 10-15 years down the line. It's a total waste of money because retro-fitting is 4-5 times more expensive than building it properly in the first place.

"This is a scandal comparable to the VW emissions scandal. Lots of people are paying far more on their gas bills than they ought to be because their new homes are poorly built."
What should we do with existing homes?

Tackling existing housing stock is difficult and expensive in the short-term - though it saves on gas bills in the long term.

The committee wants the government to treat renovating the UK's housing stock as a national infrastructure priority, akin to widening roads.

"There's already government cash for help-to-buy," said Prof King. "That should be extended to help-to-insulate."

The report says upgrades and repairs to existing homes should include plans for shading and ventilation to combat the extreme heatwaves expected in future.

They should also have measures to reduce indoor moisture, improve air quality, water efficiency and protection in homes at risk of flooding.

Who is to blame?

"The reason carbon emissions are rising again in homes is the decision by the Cameron government to slash funding for home energy efficiency," Ed Matthew, from the climate think tank E3G, told the BBC.

"As a result, home insulation has crashed by 95% since 2012.

"The chancellor must make building energy efficiency an infrastructure investment priority. Failure to do so will lead to entrenched fuel poverty, failure to meet carbon budgets, higher NHS costs and higher energy bills for us all."

The Treasury has typically been reluctant to invest in insulating private houses because it believes people who are able to pay should upgrade their homes without public money.

"They seem to have missed the memo on the climate emergency," Mr Matthew said.

A government spokesperson said: "The UK has reduced emissions faster than any other G7 nation, and moving to a greener, cleaner economy while continuing to grow the economy is at the heart of our modern Industrial Strategy.

"We will carefully consider the Committee's recommendations."

The chair of the Committee, Lord Deben, is being investigated by the Lords Standards Commissioner to see if he has breached rules by not declaring income from firms that benefit from pro-active climate policies. Lord Deben says he has followed advice on the rules.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-47306766